Hydroelectric power systems use constant flowing water to spin a turbine, resulting in energy production. The energy available in a body of water depends on the water’s flow rate and the height that the water falls. Power can even be produced from a small stream, as long as water is running at a steady rate. Hydro power is one of the oldest forms of renewable energy used today; the use of hydroelectric systems has supplied 19% of the world’s electricity and has accounted for over 63% of electricity from renewable sources. A good hydro power system can generate a steady and more reliable electricity supply, with lower costs than other renewable energy technologies. For those with homes or buildings close to a supply of running water, micro hydro power units ranging from 1 MW to about 30 MW, are available from many manufacturers using standard “water-to-wire” plans. A single company will usually provide all major mechanical and electrical equipment (turbine, switchgear, generator, controls), selecting from several different standard designs to fit the site conditions.

Micro hydro power projects utilize a diverse range of equipment. In smaller sized systems, industrial centrifugal pumps can be used as turbines with comparatively low purchase costs compared to purpose-built turbines. As with most renewable energy sources, the hydroelectric power systems can be connected to a main electricity grid or as part of an off power grid stand alone power system. In a grid connected system, you are able to sell back any unused electricity to the power companies/utilities. In the off-grid method, electricity may be supplied directly to your powered devices or through a battery bank and inverter set up. However, a back-up power system may be needed to recompense for variations in water flow.