Exploring Hydroelectric Power as a Renewable Source of Energy-

Hydroelectric power systems use constant flowing water to spin a turbine, resulting in energy production. The energy available in a body of water depends on the water’s flow rate and the height that the water falls. Power can even be produced from a small stream, as long as water is running at a steady rate. Hydro power is one of the oldest forms of renewable energy used today. Hydroelectric systems have supplied 19% of the world’s electricity and has accounted for over 63% of electricity from renewable sources. A good hydro power system can generate a steady and more reliable electricity supply, with lower costs than other renewable energy technologies. For those with homes or buildings close to a supply of running water, micro hydropower units ranging from 1 MW to about 30 MW, are available from many manufacturers using standard “water-to-wire” plans. A single company will usually provide all major mechanical and electrical equipment (turbine, switchgear, generator, controls), selecting from several different standard designs to fit the site conditions. Micro hydropower projects utilize a diverse range of equipment. In smaller sized systems, industrial centrifugal pumps can be used as turbines with comparatively low purchase costs compared to purpose-built turbines. As with most renewable energy sources, the hydroelectric power systems can be connected to a main electricity grid or as part of an off power grid stand alone power system. In a grid connected system, you are able to sell back any unused electricity to the power companies/utilities. In the off-grid method, electricity may be supplied directly to your powered devices or through a battery bank and inverter set up. A back-up power system may be needed to recompense for variations in water flow. There are some disadvantages to hydro power, however, which have led to environmental groups and government agencies limiting their use in certain areas. Not only are they expensive to construct, but there have been many malfunctions in the systems, causing flooding and loss of lives. It has been reported in prior studies that, along the Pacific and Atlantic coasts, salmon have been unable to get through the dams, preventing spawning and eventually a decline in that particular species. To boot, mass collection and decay of plant materials stuck in reservoir dams have also prompted increased levels of methane in the atmosphere, further contributing to climate change.